The mechanism of antibody-mediated protection is a major focus of HIV-1 vaccine development and a significant issue in the Bike Units - BMX control of viremia.Virus neutralization, Fc-mediated effector function, or both, are major mechanisms of antibody-mediated protection against HIV-1, although other mechanisms, such as virus aggregation, are kno

BackgroundCo-infection with tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death in HIV-infected individuals.However, diagnosis of TB, especially in the presence of an HIV co-infection, can be limiting due to the high inaccuracy associated with the use of conventional diagnostic methods.Here we report a gene signature that can identify a tuberculosis in

Notions of the smart city look to mobilize information technology to increase organizational efficiency, and more recently, to support new forms of community engagement and involvement in addressing municipal issues.As cities turn to civic enterprise technology platforms, we need to better understand how that class of system might be positioned and

Extensive extracellular matrix production and increased cell-matrix adhesion by bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are hallmarks of fibrotic alterations in the vertebral bone marrow known as Modic type 1 changes (MC1).MC1 are associated with non-specific chronic low-back pain.To identify treatment targets for MC1, in vitro studies using patient BMSC

Recent years have seen a dramatic shift in youth justice outcomes and a fall in the number of children drawn into the youth justice system glass-anal in England and Wales.However, it appears that children from some backgrounds have not benefited as much as others from this change.There is a wealth of academic literature on processes of criminalisat